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Psychology of family relationships
Family is the basis of human life, a source of love, support, and security. But, like any system, it can experience difficulties. Family psychology is a science that understands the complexities of family relationships. The text of the article will help improve them, make them more harmonious.
General concept of family relationships
A family is a group of people connected by kinship, marriage or adoption, who run a common household and are responsible for each other. Accordingly, family relationships are the relationships between family members. They include:
• love and affection;
• respect;
• mutual assistance;
• trust;
• support;
• mutual feelings;
• responsibility;
• communication.
The functions of the family include:
• Reproductive – procreation and birth of children.
• Educational – the transfer of cultural and social experience from older generations to younger ones.
• Economic – joint management of the economy and distribution of resources.
• Social and psychological – creating a favorable atmosphere between its members, support and mutual assistance, as well as ensuring emotional stability and expression of feelings.
• Socialization is teaching a child the norms and rules of behavior in society.

Communication between relatives can be both harmonious and conflictual. It is influenced by such factors as: individual characteristics of family members, socio-economic conditions, cultural norms and values; as well as life events.
What are the tasks and goals of family psychology
Family psychology is a field of psychology that studies the patterns of family development, relationships between its members, and their problems.
The tasks of science:
Study of the family as a system: psychological patterns of formation and development of the family, their functions, types and influence on the personality.
Study of the patterns of family development: stages of the life cycle and the difficulties that arise at each of them.
Study of relationships: patterns of development of marital and parent-child relationships, psychology of conflicts, relationships between relatives.
Development of methods for diagnosing and correcting relationships: problem definition, counseling, psychotherapy.
The goals of family psychology include:
Preservation and strengthening of the family: increasing psychological literacy, developing harmonious communication, preventing crises.
Help for families in difficult life situations: overcoming conflicts with your partner, solving problems of raising children, adapting to new living conditions.
Improving family policy: developing support programs, protecting rights, increasing prestige.
When to seek family counseling from a psychologist
It is worth seeking counseling if you have problems such as:
• frequent quarrels and conflicts;
• lack of mutual understanding;
• betrayal;
• jealousy;
• misunderstanding with children;
• dependencies;
• psychological disorders.
It is also worth seeking the help of a family psychologist if you want to improve your relationship, for example, to:
• understand each other better;
• learn to resolve conflicts;
• don’t be afraid to show your love;
• receive and provide support and assistance;
• improve communication with children;
• create a more harmonious atmosphere.
Beyond the challenges a family is already facing, there are other situations where counseling can be helpful, whether it’s preparing for marriage, having a baby, or getting divorced.
Basic methods in the practice of family counseling
Psychologists often recommend adhering to family etiquette. This is a set of rules of conduct that help people interact with each other respectfully and harmoniously.
Tips on what principles to follow:
• Respect each other.
• Know how to forgive.
• Be direct about your feelings and sympathies.
• Don’t air your dirty laundry in public.
• Make time for communication every day.
• Know how to make concessions.
• Give gifts to each other.
• Stop abusing and manipulating.
• Know how to be grateful.

At the same time, specialists can also prescribe special therapy.
The most common types are: systemic, behavioral, psychodynamic, existential, cognitive-behavioral.
Systemic Family Psychotherapy
Systemic family therapy (SFT) is a type of psychotherapy that views the family as a system where all of its elements are interconnected and a change in one of them affects the whole. It is most useful for infidelity, divorce, and problems with children.
Basic principles of the BSC:
Scandals are the result of destructive patterns of interaction (rigid structure, traumatic experience, presence of hidden conflicts).
To understand difficulties, it is necessary to take into account the context in which they arise.
Family members are interconnected and interdependent.
Methods used:
Genogram. A diagram of family relationships that helps identify recurring patterns of behavior and transmission of problems from generation to generation.
Circular interview. Asking questions aimed at identifying patterns of interaction.
Structuring. Changing the structure of the hierarchy, roles.
Strategy: Using strategic interventions to change destructive patterns of interaction.
Behavioral Family Therapy
Behavioural family therapy (BFT) is a direction that focuses on changing destructive patterns of behaviour. It is used for aggression, psychological disorders and addictions.
The main ideas of PST:
1. Action is determined by consequences.
2. Problems are the result of dysfunctional patterns of behavior.

PST methods:
Systematic desensitization is the gradual habituation to a stimulus that causes anxiety.
Encouraging desired behavior is the end to abuse in the family.
Modeling is a demonstration by a psychologist of desired actions.
Psychodynamic Family Therapy
Psychodynamic method focuses on the study of the influence of past experiences on current problems. It can be useful for mental disorders, conflicts with children and frequent quarrels.
Based on the fact that:
Unconscious patterns of behavior and feelings formed in the past influence relationships in the present.
People unconsciously reproduce behavior patterns from their family histories.
The following treatment methods are used:
Dream Analysis: Interpreting dreams to reveal hidden motives and conflicts.
Analysis of transference. Study of transference of feelings from the past to relatives.
Genogram. Schematic representation of a family up to the third generation.
Sculpting. Arranging family members in space to express feelings and experiences.
Existential Family Therapy
The existential approach focuses on helping family members find meaning and responsibility in their lives. It is especially suitable for people experiencing existential crises.
The principles inherent in this technique are:
EST helps you to realize your existential responsibility.
Man is a creature that constantly asks himself about the meaning of life.
Close people are important for finding the meaning of life.
ECT uses the following techniques:
Dialogue is an open conversation about values, goals and the meaning of life.
Questions – asking questions that help you become aware of your existential responsibility.
Analysis of existential crises – assistance in overcoming existential crises (death of a loved one, loss of job).
Art therapy is the use of art materials (drawing, modeling) to express feelings and experiences.
Play therapy – games for diagnostics and correction of family relationships.